解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We used tree ring data (AD 1601-2007) to examine the occurrence of and climatic influences on spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks in south-central and southwest Alaska and found evidence of regional-scale outbreaks dating from the mid-1700s, related to climate variability at multiple temporal scales. Ove...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1118.1
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the study of resource subsidies has emerged as a key topic in both ecosystem and food web ecology, the dialogue over their role has been limited by separate approaches that emphasize either subsidy quantity or quality. Considering quantity and quality together may provide a simple, but previously unexplored, ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1890/10-2240.1
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does climate determine species' ranges? Rapid rates of anthropogenic warming make this classic ecological question especially relevant. We ask whether climate controls range limits by quantifying relationships between climatic variables (precipitation, temperature) and tree growth across the altitudinal ranges of six ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1639.1
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::For sessile organisms, dispersal and recruitment are typically spatially stochastic, but there is little understanding of how this variability scales up to influence processes such as competitive coexistence. Here we argue that coexistence of benthic marine animals is enhanced by stochastic differences between species...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1332.1
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term studies have revealed that the structure and dynamics of many tropical forests are changing, but the causes and consequences of these changes remain debated. To learn more about the forces driving changes within tropical forests, we investigated shifts in tree species composition over the past 25 years withi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0724.1
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant traits are influenced by herbivore diet selection, but little is known about how traits are affected by different types of herbivores. We related eight traits of 27 subalpine shrub species in South Island, New Zealand, to damage of these shrubs by introduced red deer (Cervus elaphus) and native invertebrate herb...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0861.1
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within most free-living species exists a cryptic community of interacting parasites. By combining multiscale field data with manipulative experiments, we evaluated patterns of parasite coinfection in amphibian hosts and their underlying mechanisms. Surveys of 86 wetlands and 1273 hosts revealed positive correlations b...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0570.1
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological plasticity is a striking characteristic of plants in natural communities. In the context of foraging behavior particularly, root plasticity has been documented for numerous species. Root plasticity is known to mitigate competitive interactions by reducing the overlap of the individuals' rhizospheres. But...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1086.1
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although regional and global models of nitrogen (N) cycling typically focus on nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the dominant form of nitrogen export from many watersheds and thus the dominant form of dissolved N in many streams. Our understanding of the processes controlling DON export from temperate fores...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0899.1
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We chose the interaction between the Mediterranean dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis) and its major seed disperser, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), to evaluate the hypothesis that endozoochory is characterized by a mixture of conflicting and overlapping interests, with the capacity of being positive or negative for pl...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2194.1
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current li...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0322.1
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In January 1958, a survey of alpine flora was conducted along a recently constructed access road across the upper volcanic slopes of Mauna Loa, Hawaii (2525-3397 m). Only five native Hawaiian species were encountered on sparsely vegetated historic and prehistoric lava flows adjacent to the roadway. A resurvey of roads...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0341.1
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The arcsine square root transformation has long been standard procedure when analyzing proportional data in ecology, with applications in data sets containing binomial and non-binomial response variables. Here, we argue that the arcsine transform should not be used in either circumstance. For binomial data, logistic r...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0340.1
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragmentation of landscapes is a pervasive source of environmental change. Although understanding the effects of fragmentation has occupied ecologists for decades, there remain important gaps in our understanding of the way that fragmentation influences mobile organisms. In particular, there is little tested theory ex...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0637.1
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem-level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. Here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest-stream ecosystem. In a Japanese headwater stream, c...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1565.1
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Removal of predators can have strong indirect effects on primary producers through trophic cascades. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are major primary producers worldwide that may be influenced by predator removal through changes in grazer composition and biomass. CCA have been most widely studied in Caribbean and temp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2059.1
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate description of spatial distribution of species is essential for correctly modeling macroecological patterns and thus to infer mechanisms of species coexistence. The Poisson and negative binomial distribution (NBD) are most widely used to respectively model random and aggregated distributions of species in inf...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2233.1
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Megaherbivores and small burrowing mammals commonly coexist and play important functional roles in grassland ecosystems worldwide. The interactive effects of these two functional groups of herbivores in shaping the structure and function of grassland ecosystems are poorly understood. In North America's central grassla...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1277.1
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in invasion success may result from the divergent evolutionary histories of introduced species compared to those of native taxa. The vulnerability of native biotas to ecological disruption may be especially great on oceanic islands invaded by continental species with unique ecological traits. In part because...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1187.1
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that genetically based traits of plants can structure associated arthropod and microbial communities, but whether the effects are consistent and repeatable across years is unknown. If communities are both heritable (i.e., related individuals tend to support similar communities) and repeatable...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1236.1
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high herbivore diversity in savanna systems has been attributed to the inherent spatial and temporal heterogeneity related to the quantity and quality of food resources. Allometric scaling predicts that smaller-bodied grazers rely on higher quality forage than larger-bodied grazers. We replicated burns at varying ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1673.1
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-distance dispersal (LDD) may contribute disproportionately to range expansions, the creation of new evolutionary lineages, and species persistence in human-dominated landscapes. However, because data on the individual consequences of dispersal distance are extremely limited, we have little insight on how LDD is m...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1458.1
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Random walks are used to model movement in a wide variety of contexts: from the movement of cells undergoing chemotaxis to the migration of animals. In a two-dimensional biased random walk, the diffusion about the mean drift position is entirely dependent on the moments of the angular distribution used to determine th...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1729.1
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population cycles of herbivores are thought to be driven by trophic interaction mechanisms, either between food plant and herbivore or between the herbivorous prey and its natural enemies. Observational data have indicated that hymenopteran parasitoids cause delayed density-dependent mortality in cyclic autumnal moth ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2076.1
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has shown a potential role for both host plant genotype and spatial context in structuring insect communities. In this study, we use three separate data sets on herbivorous insects on oak (Quercus robur) to estimate the relative effects of host plant genotype (G), location (E), and the G x E interaction on...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1027.1
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scaling of metabolic rates to body size is widely considered to be of great biological and ecological importance, and much attention has been devoted to determining its theoretical and empirical value. Most debate centers on whether the underlying power law describing metabolic rates is 2/3 (as predicted by scalin...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0817.1
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We addressed the potential for climate change to facilitate invasions and precipitate shifts in community composition by testing effects of ocean warming on species in a marine fouling community in Bodega Harbor, Bodega Bay, California, USA. First, we determined that introduced species tolerated significantly higher t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0238.1
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants interact with numerous enemies and mutualists simultaneously and sequentially. Such multispecies interactions can give rise to trait-mediated indirect effects that are likely to be common in nature but which are also inherently difficult to predict. Understanding multispecies interactions is also important in t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0855.1
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that highly aged material is a major component of organic matter transported by most rivers. However, few studies have used natural 14C to trace the potential entry of this aged material into modern river food webs. Here we use natural abundance 14C, 13C, and deuterium (2H) to trace the contrib...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0330.1
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonrandom seed release is an important determinant of how far seeds disperse, but the mechanisms that promote wind-related seed release under varying atmospheric conditions are poorly understood. We explored the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to gain a better mechanistic understanding of seed release by visua...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0853.1
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether different sources of mortality are additive, compensatory, or depensatory is a key question in population biology. A way to test for additivity is to calculate the correlation between cause-specific mortality rates obtained from marked animals. However, existing methods to estimate this correlation raise sever...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1931.1
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tannins are believed to be particularly abundant in tropical tree foliage and are mainly associated with plant herbivore defense. Very little is known of the quantity, variation, and potential role of tannins in tropical leaf litter. Here we report on the interspecific variability of litter condensed tannin (CT) conce...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1076.1
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ongoing statistical sophistication allows a shift from describing species' spatial distributions toward statistically disentangling the possible roles of environmental variables in shaping species distributions. Based on a landscape-scale benthic survey in the Dutch Wadden Sea, we show the merits of spatially explicit...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2040.1
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Savannas are characterized by a competitive tension between grasses and trees, and theoretical models illustrate how this competitive tension is influenced by resource availability, competition for these resources, and disturbances. How this universe of theoretical possibilities translates into the real world is, howe...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1368.1
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::All communities vary through time. This variability originates from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. Intrinsic sources are due to actions of organisms in a community, i.e., population dynamics and species interactions, while extrinsic variability is variability created by elements of habitat or environmental chan...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0350.1
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pervasive impact of invasive species has motivated considerable research to understand how characteristics of invaded communities, such as native species diversity, affect the establishment of invasive species. Efforts to identify general mechanisms that limit invasion success, however, have been frustrated by dis...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1301.1
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flowering sex ratios of dioecious plants are commonly male-biased but rarely female-biased. While greater costs of reproduction from females have been repeatedly demonstrated and explain male biases, male reproductive costs almost never exceed female costs, making the origins of female biases enigmatic. I investigated...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0685.1
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaving a population without having information about the surrounding areas is highly risky. Candidates for dispersal may reduce these risks by making decisions based on the level of connectivity between patches, e.g., through immigrants. The benefits of information acquisition may vary within a population according t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0387.1
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In conservation and evolutionary ecology, quantifying and accounting for individual heterogeneity in vital rates of open populations is of particular interest. Individual random effects have been used in capture-recapture models, adopting a Bayesian framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to carry out estimatio...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1903.1
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive plants are considered a major cause of ecosystem degradation worldwide. While their impacts on native plants have been widely reported, there is little information on how these impacts propagate through food webs and affect species at higher trophic levels. Using a quantitative food web approach we evaluated ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2092.1
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00